17 octobre 1961: ce massacre que Paris a nié
Personne n’a jamais été traduit en justice pour le meurtre de 200 Franco-Algériens, il y a 55 ans.
Les valeurs de la République, Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité tombent aux oubliettes quand des milliers de Parisiens rappellent l’épisode le plus meurtrier dans l’histoire de la capitale française d’après-guerre.
Des commémorations sont programmées pour le 55e anniversaire du massacre de Franco-Algériens, pendant lequel 200 manifestants pacifistes ont été massacrés de sang froid aux alentours de monuments emblématiques, dont la Tour Eiffel et la cathédrale Notre-Dame.
Lors de ces atrocités marquantes-et cruelles- des policiers ont rassemblé une foule paniquée sur les ponts de Paris, où beaucoup d’hommes furent jetés dans la Seine.
D’habitude, symbole du romantisme de la ville la plus touristique du monde, ce fleuve devint alors une morgue pour des centaines de victimes, dont les corps sans vie furent récupérés des semaines plus tard.
D’autres moururent dans les commissariats, ou dans les bois à proximité, où des corps mutilés témoignaient de blessures à la matraque ou à la crosse de fusils.
Les agents de police étaient furieux après l’organisation de cette marche illégale, réunissant 30 000 hommes, femmes et enfants, à l’appel du Front de Libération Nationale (FLN), le principal groupe nationaliste algérien, dans leur pays, empêtré dans la guerre d’indépendance algérienne.
55 ans semblent peut-être loin pour beaucoup de jeunes Franco-Algériens qui veulent marquer cet anniversaire aujourd’hui. Mais, cet épisode parait proche à plusieurs égards.
Maurice Papon, le préfet de Paris à l’instigation de ces meurtres, décédé il y a neuf ans à l’âge de 96 ans, et certains de ses hommes de main, impunis, demeurent toujours en liberté.
Comme Papon, beaucoup des assassins ont été des collaborateurs Nazi, qui ont appris les méthodes pour contrôler des foules, directement de la Gestapo.
Ils étaient aussi des experts en désinformation : le bilan officiel des morts, de ce que Papon a lui-même appelé « la bataille de Paris » s’élevait, officiellement à trois personnes décédées, avant d’être revu par un vague « plusieurs dizaines », presque 40 ans plus tard.
Ses recherches ont prouvé le rôle de l’Etat français dans la répression du 17 octobre 1961
Aucune enquête judiciaire ne s’est déroulée, d’autant que de nombreux Français tiennent encore les querelles internes algériennes et les attaques terroristes, responsables des morts.
Papon fut, finalement traduit en justice pour crimes contre l’humanité, mais seulement pour ceux commis pendant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale.
Le président Charles de Gaulle, puis les gouvernements successifs, s’assurèrent qu’il ne soit jamais inculpé pour ce qu’il fit aux Franco-Algériens de Paris.
Aujourd’hui, beaucoup de leurs descendants vivent dans les cités détériorées qui parsèment la périphérie de la capitale. Ces banlieues ont poussé sur les bidonvilles du travailleur immigré, terrain de recrutement pour le FLN dans les années 50 et 60.
La police pensait qu’elle pourrait mieux contrôler les « insurgés » depuis ces banlieues, qui regorgent toujours de jeunes issus de l’immigration nord-africaine.
Comme pendant la guerre d’indépendance, les Franco-Algériens sont invités à rester à distance de la capitale, très touristique.
Les couvre-feux ont, parfois, été imposés dans les cités ; avec des véhicules chargés de militaires prêts à intervenir en cas d’émeute.
Lors des révoltes, particulièrement, intenses de 2005, le ministre de l’Intérieur de l’époque, Nicolas Sarkozy imposa un état d’urgence.
photo/20 minutes
Comme pour le couvre-feu, c’était inspiré de la législation de la guerre d’Algérie, édictée en 1955.
Aujourd’hui, plus de 40% des jeunes de cités sont confrontés au chômage. Sans argent ou perspective, certains d’entre eux se sont tournés vers le crime, augmentant la population carcérale, que l’on estime à plus de 70% musulmane.
Beaucoup ressemblent aux jeunes Algériens tourmentés et victimes d’exclusion qui prirent la rue en 1961.
Les statistiques sur les générations actuelles ne sont pas officielles car la France laïque ne reconnaît pas l’ethnie et la religion de ses citoyens.
Pourtant, il n’y a aucun doute que les Franco-Algériens expérimentent, régulièrement, le fait d’être des citoyens de seconde-zone.
Le racisme à l’encontre de la plus grande minorité ethnique en France est endémique – des institutions publiques et privées qui ne les recrutent pas, aux médias qui ne relatent pas leurs problèmes.
Peu affirmeront que les meurtres tribaux commis par la police parisienne, il y a 55 ans, pourraient probablement se reproduire aujourd’hui.
Mais personne ne pourrait prétendre que les politiques de discriminations qui ont conduit à de telles horreurs ont disparu de la France moderne.
Nabila Ramdani
The massacre that Paris denied, The Guardian, 16 october 2011
Traduction: Nadia.H-M
Photo de Une: Pierre Texier, décédé en septembre 2016
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