A propos du rapport de Terra Nova « L’émancipation de l’islam de France »
Le dernier rapport du think tank progressiste Terra Nova porte sur « l’émancipation de l’Islam de France ». Vaste sujet ! Mehdi-Thomas Allal, haut fonctionnaire au ministère de la Justice et maître de conférence à Sciences Po, réagit à cette étude. En tant que responsable du pôle vivre-ensemble du think tank Le jour d’après (JDA), il dresse une analyse personnelle du rapport.
Ce rapport commence cependant modestement par un bref rappel de la loi de 1905, qui n’a en réalité pas vocation à se focaliser sur l’islam.
En effet, l’islam ne faisait pas partie des religions reconnues sous le Concordat de 1802 et qui furent par la suite concernées par la loi de 1905.
Il est de même essentiel de garder à l’esprit que la question de l’articulation entre islam et laïcité ne date pas de l’émergence de la violence terroriste.
Ce rappel constitue un préalable indispensable à tout débat cohérent et efficace sur le sujet, car il convient de déconnecter la réflexion des postures passionnées liées à l’actualité.
Par ailleurs, le rapport ne souhaite pas s’étendre sur les polémiques vaines du burkini ou du voile, jugeant la loi de 1905 suffisamment claire (à l’instar du Conseil d’Etat) pour répondre à ces questions, formulées par nos dirigeants politiques en des termes propres à enflammer le débat public.
Le Conseil d’État suspend l’arrêté “anti-burkini”
Pour comprendre la difficulté que rencontre l’intégration et l’acceptation de l’islam en France, les auteurs souhaitent privilégier deux axes : le contexte géopolitique d’une part, mais aussi et surtout l’importante diversité de l’islam.
De fait, l’islam ne possède aucune autorité centrale, pas plus qu’il n’obéit à un leader ou chef spirituel désigné.
Aussi l’État se trouve-t-il confronté à l’absence d’interlocuteur clairement identifié, et donc de tout contrôle sur le développement et l’organisation de l’islam au regard des grands principes républicains.
La loi de 1905 est-elle adaptée à l’islam? Le rapport pose alors la question suivante.
Claire et précise, en peu de mots, la loi de 1905 avait pour objectif d’affaiblir l’influence sociale de l’Église catholique à une époque où les penseurs laïques envisageaient la disparition progressive et proche des croyances religieuses, notamment en raison de l’accélération du progrès économique.
Elle visait également à mettre fin au régime sélectif des cultes pouvant bénéficier d’une consécration légale.
Or, nous constatons les limites de cette sécularisation et que se sont, au contraire, développées de nouvelles spiritualités jadis souvent considérées comme des mouvements sectaires (bouddhisme, mouvement pentecôtiste, etc.). Aussi ne faut-il pas confondre le recul de la pratique catholique avec un affaiblissement général des croyances religieuses.
Par ailleurs, la loi de 1905 n’a pas et n’a jamais eu vocation à supprimer la visibilité des religions dans l’espace public : le port de la soutane, par exemple, ne souffre d’aucune interdiction.
(interview exclusive/MeltingBook)
En ce sens, la difficulté d’adaptation à l’islam ne vient pas de ce que dit la loi, mais d’un ressenti : les croyants musulmans s’envisagent comme une minorité religieuse en terre « chrétienne ».
Ils ne sont certes pas les seuls. Mais l’adaptation du cadre laïc à l’islam est systématiquement débattue au gré d’affaires médiatiques et non de façon raisonnée. Car, si tel était le cas, nous nous apercevrions qu’il est plus facile pour tous les fidèles d’adapter les contingences de leur foi au cadre commun.
Cette absence de raison tient au fait que la France (et l’Europe en général) prend conscience de l’installation durable de l’islam sur son territoire…
S’agissant de l’attitude des pouvoirs publics vis-à-vis de l’islam, celle-ci peut se décrire en trois phases.
En premier lieu, des années 60 aux années 90, l’État français délègue la gestion du culte musulman à des États étrangers désireux de maintenir des liens avec leurs ressortissants, qui assurent le service minimum en envoyant des imams.
La pratique religieuse demeure ainsi principalement un moyen de rester connecté au pays d’origine, tout en se révélant discrète, dans un souci de ne pas se faire remarquer.
C’est à partir des années 80 que l’islam joint le malaise identitaire des enfants d’immigrés musulmans nés en France, auquel s’ajoutent des difficultés pour les régimes autoritaires du Maghreb et du Moyen-Orient à contrôler les revendications islamistes en leur sein : la France comprend qu’elle ne peut plus se contenter de transférer hors de son sol la gestion de l’islam.
C’est à la même époque que s’affirme la ligue islamique mondiale, d’obédience wahhabite, par le financement d’une série de mosquées.
C’est cette troisième phase qui voit émerger le souci de l’État d’organiser l’islam de façon hiérarchique. Ce n’est qu’après un long et difficile cheminement qu’apparaît le Conseil de Réflexion sur l’Islam de France (CORIF) en 1988, puis le Conseil français du culte musulman (CFCM) en 2003.
Selon Terra Nova, nous assistons aujourd’hui à une nouvelle phase issue de la violence terroriste, qui pousse les responsables publics à repenser entièrement leur rapport avec l’islam.
Leur constat est sans appel : le culte musulman souffre d’un manque de normes et d’un manque d’acteurs : il n’y a pas suffisamment d’aumôneries, de charte commune de certification hallal ou d’imams formés en France.
Or, il s’agit moins pour l’État d’assurer l’organisation du culte que d’affirmer son autorité, faute de quoi les fidèles musulmans voient leur loyauté à la République sans cesse mise en doute, voire en déroute.
Le rapport de Terra Nova milite donc pour un engagement des Français musulmans en faveur du développement de leur culte, notamment financier, et un véritable effort d’organisation sur le modèle des autres religions.
Rappelons que le judaïsme, également très divers, s’est organisé en un Consistoire, qui ne représente certes pas tous les courants religieux, mais s’attache à représenter au mieux la communauté juive.
L’engagement des Français musulmans, parce qu’il est aussi un signe de confiance de la communauté nationale à leur égard, est une condition sine qua non à l’émancipation de l’islam de France.
Nilüfer Göle, sociologue spécialiste de l’islam européen
Ce rapport insiste bien évidemment aussi sur la nécessité d’un traitement égal des diverses religions, pour en finir avec la neutralité ambiguë de l’État français.
Cela nécessite la création, au même titre que Noël, de deux jours fériés correspondants à Kippour (fête juive) et l’Aïd El-Kebir (fête musulmane), ainsi qu’un réajustement des effectifs d’aumôniers musulmans entre les différentes aumôneries et la création d’une faculté de théologie musulmane à l’université de Strasbourg.
Afin de permettre l’émergence d’imams formés en France et sensibilisés au cadre laïc, le rapport propose enfin de soutenir des formations civiles et civiques portant sur la laïcité et les religions, ouvertes aux imams, et donnant lieu à un diplôme reconnu par l’État.
De plus, outre un soutien plus appuyé aux centres de recherche à l’enseignement de l’arabe et de l’histoire du monde musulman, il convient de prendre en compte la dimension locale de l’organisation de l’islam et de favoriser la création d’associations destinées à aider au financement des lieux de culte.
En conclusion, si aucune des propositions formulées par ce texte n’est véritablement novatrice, en ce qu’elles ont déjà été exprimées auparavant, ces revendications en faveur d’un islam intégré et laïc ont le mérite du bon sens.
Le think tank Terra Nova s’est maladroitement fait connaître pour ses propositions en faveur d’un renouvellement de la stratégie électorale des partis de gauche, ouvertement favorable aux minorités et délaissant les classes populaires…
Or, entre les lignes, il est possible de constater que ce texte s’adresse aussi aux modestes classes moyennes musulmanes avec lesquelles il tente de réconcilier l’action des pouvoirs publics. En bref, il force à renouer une expertise conjointe entre question sociale et question ethnique…
Surtout, la volonté des auteurs de dépassionner le débat, en élaborant des règles et des outils partagés, devrait susciter un grand respect chez tous ceux qui souhaitent extraire l’islam de la propagande politique, qui se joue notamment sur les réseaux sociaux.
Il n’y a plus un jour où la religion musulmane ne fait l’actualité et n’est répercutée dans les médias par les candidats aux élections.
Le rapport de Terra Nova a donc vocation à mettre un terme aux polémiques stériles et nuisibles pour notre démocratie, tout en décomplexant l’action des pouvoirs publics vis-à-vis de l’islam.
Cette décrispation n’est pas de refus en ces temps de surenchère victimaire et/ou de stigmatisation des minorités.
Mehdi-Thomas Allal Maître de conférences à Sciences Po
Responsable du pôle « Vivre ensemble » pour le think tank Le jour d’après (JDA)
lovely shez
Gxi0mP Very neat post.Really looking forward to read more. Cool.
Report
Schuhe online shop
Say, you got a nice blog. Fantastic.
Report
Schuhe online shop
I really enjoy the blog article.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
Report
London venues
Wow, great blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Keep writing.
Report
Chanda
Fantastic article.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
Report
stock market websites
Major thanks for the article post.Much thanks again.
Report
replacement windows at home depot
very good publish, i certainly love this website, keep on it
Report
Apple_ipad
Ive reckoned many web logs and I can for sure tell that this one is my favourite.
Report
culture
Usually I don at learn post on blogs, however I would like to say that this write-up very forced me to take a look at and do it! Your writing style has been amazed me. Thank you, quite nice article.
Report
unlimited advertising
Looking forward to reading more. Great post.Really looking forward to read more. Keep writing.
Report
This Site
Wow, superb blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you made blogging look easy. The overall look of your website is excellent, let alone the content!
Report
Hudson valley musician
very nice put up, i certainly love this website, keep on it
Report
tsx performance
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic blog article.Much thanks again. Really Great.
Report
s&p tsx composite
This blog is definitely cool as well as factual. I have discovered helluva useful advices out of it. I ad love to go back every once in a while. Thanks a bunch!
Report
login page gmail.com
Stop Protesting And Start your own special men Advertising and marketing campaign In exchange
Report
real-property.com
Wohh exactly what I was looking for, regards for posting.
Report
eye strain
I really enjoy the blog article. Much obliged.
Report
feromony
Normally I do not learn post on blogs, however I wish to say that this write-up very compelled me to take a look at and do so! Your writing style has been surprised me. Thank you, quite nice post.
Report
cleaning service
Enjoyed every bit of your post.Really thank you! Fantastic.
Report
house cleaning
Hey, thanks for the post.Much thanks again. Great.
Report
Business Rates Savings
Thank you for your article post.Much thanks again.
Report
How to Reduce Business Rates
Really appreciate you sharing this article post. Really Cool.
Report
Audio visual weatherproof projector enclosures
I really like and appreciate your blog post.Much thanks again. Much obliged.
Report
protective projector cabinets
I am so grateful for your post.Really thank you! Really Cool.
Report
Love Compatibility
Would you be interested in trading links or maybe guest writing a blog post or vice-versa?
Report
C2090-102 Questions
I truly appreciate this blog post.Much thanks again. Want more.
Report
Cricket World Cup 2019
The website style is ideal, the articles is really excellent :
Report
for more info
Great, thanks for sharing this blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
Report
gmail.com signin
Virtually all of the comments on this blog dont make sense.
Report
healthy dog food
This page definitely has all the info I needed about this subject and didn at know who to ask.
Report
janejohn
It as difficult to find knowledgeable people for this subject, however, you seem like you know what you are talking about! Thanks
Report
website seo gold coast
Very good article.Thanks Again. Fantastic.
Report
online business tools
Thanks for the blog article. Really Cool.
Report
Get book reviews
Wow! Thank you! I always needed to write on my website something like that. Can I take a portion of your post to my website?
Report
sosua real estate
very nice submit, i certainly love this website, carry on it
Report
baby
You made some decent points there. I did a search on the issue and found most people will consent with your website.
Report
derby
There is definately a lot to find out about this issue. I like all of the points you have made.
Report
nikon d5200
Thanks so much for the article.Really looking forward to read more. Want more.
Report
phuket cheap holiday rentals
This particular blog is without a doubt cool and also informative. I have picked up a lot of handy tips out of it. I ad love to go back again and again. Thanks a bunch!
Report
premium cccam
Your place is valueble for me. Thanks!aаАабТТаЂааАТаЂа
Report
petit jouet
Muchos Gracias for your article post. Really Great.
Report
Android News
I am so grateful for your blog post.Really thank you! Much obliged.
Report
Letting Agents Smethwick
Thanks-a-mundo for the blog article. Great.
Report
ms tubes chennai tamilnadu india
Fantastic blog post. Great.
Report
marketing companies in vancouver
That is a good tip especially to those new to the blogosphere. Brief but very precise information Many thanks for sharing this one. A must read article!
Report
travel food review in Italy
It seems too complicated and extremely broad for me.
Report
marketing companies in vancouver
usually posts some pretty interesting stuff like this. If you
Report
ar condicionado automotivo sp
Pretty! This has been an incredibly wonderful post. Thanks for providing this info.
Report
SEO company and services consultant Centre Wellington
In truth, your creative writing abilities has inspired me to get my very own site now
Report
auto insurance quote direct
This is one awesome blog article.Really looking forward to read more.
Report
oud
Wow! This can be one particular of the most useful blogs We have ever arrive across on this subject. Actually Great. I am also a specialist in this topic therefore I can understand your hard work.
Report
EZ Battery Reconditioning
This awesome blog is definitely cool as well as amusing. I have chosen a lot of helpful tips out of this source. I ad love to go back every once in a while. Cheers!
Report
BEST TIPSTER
Im obliged for the blog article.Really thank you!
Report
Fuente del articulo
Appreciate you sharing, great blog.Really looking forward to read more. Awesome.
Report
security systems caerphilly
Major thankies for the blog. Awesome.
Report
mobile number check
A big thank you for your blog.Really thank you! Keep writing.
Report
how to know mobile number
Really informative blog post.Much thanks again. Fantastic.
Report
Coventry taxis
Very informative post.Really thank you! Cool.
Report
airport transfers coventry
Thank you for your article post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Great.
Report
Man Van Coventry
Really informative blog post.Much thanks again. Much obliged.
Report
removals van coventry
I really enjoy the article.Thanks Again. Really Great.
Report
coventry to stansted airport taxi
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic post. Awesome.
Report
coventry to birmingham airport taxi
A big thank you for your blog article.Much thanks again. Fantastic.
Report
heathrow taxi quote
Major thankies for the article.Much thanks again. Great.
Report
cheapest taxi to heathrow
I really enjoy the article.Really thank you! Will read on…
Report
get out of timeshare contract
Thanks for the article. Cool.
Report
cancel contract
Thanks again for the blog.Much thanks again. Want more.
Report
love honey glass dildo
A round of applause for your article post.Really thank you! Much obliged.
Report
read more her
Thanks a lot for the article post.Really looking forward to read more.
Report
Soccer
Im no expert, but I suppose you just crafted an excellent point. You undoubtedly understand what youre talking about, and I can really get behind that. Thanks for being so upfront and so sincere.
Report
Airport taxis Leicester
Thanks so much for the blog article.
Report
security systems cardiff
Great, thanks for sharing this blog post.Thanks Again. Will read on…
Report
Jual Follower Instagram
You can certainly see your skills within the work you write. The arena hopes for even more passionate writers such as you who aren at afraid to say how they believe. All the time go after your heart.
Report
Katamarayudu 2017 songs
Very neat blog post.Much thanks again. Awesome.
Report
likes kaufen
This excellent website truly has all of the information and facts I wanted about this subject and didn at know who to ask.
Report
smok alien 220w
I really liked your article post.Really looking forward to read more. Want more.
Report
logo design
I am so grateful for your article post.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
Report
Watching the Super Bowl
Pretty! This was an extremely wonderful article. Thank you for supplying this information.
Report
Online Shop in Pakistan
Thanks again for the article.Thanks Again. Fantastic.
Report
click here
Major thanks for the blog article. Will read on…
Report
logo design
Im thankful for the article post. Great.
Report
objektschutz
Thanks again for the post.Thanks Again. Much obliged.
Report
data recovery services
It as hard to find educated people about this topic, however, you seem like you know what you are talking about! Thanks
Report
smok alien mod
I loved your blog.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool.
Report
solist muzica lautareasca
Muchos Gracias for your post.Thanks Again. Keep writing.
Report
essay writing
Hey, thanks for the article.Thanks Again. Want more.
Report
Aliyah
Keep up the excellent piece of work, I read few blog posts on this website and I conceive that your web site is really interesting and has got circles of great information.
Report
free global shipping
Major thankies for the blog post.Really thank you! Will read on
Report
recording studio in dubai
Thanks again for the article post.Really thank you! Really Great.
Report
North Face Apex Bionic Womens
I value the article post.Really thank you! Keep writing.
Report
womens dansko shoes
I am so grateful for your blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Will read on…
Report
cheap basketball sneakers
Very interesting details you have mentioned , regards for putting up.
Report
Sperry shoes
I really liked your blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Will read on…
Report
ugg classic short
Say, you got a nice blog.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
Report
mosguito spray
Thank you for your blog.Much thanks again. Great.
Report
exciter
I appreciate you sharing this article post.
Report
Luftreiniger Test
It as grueling to find educated nation by this subject, nevertheless you sound comparable you recognize what you are talking about! Thanks
Report
suspend sc
Hey, thanks for the blog article.Much thanks again. Want more.
Report
wholesale cigars
Enjoyed every bit of your article.Thanks Again. Really Cool.
Report
machinelearning
It as fantastic that you are getting ideas from this post as well as from our argument made at this place.
Report
ADHD
Thanks a lot for the post. Much obliged.
Report
carshield review
Im grateful for the blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Much obliged.
Report
Events
I value the blog article.Thanks Again. Really Great.
Report
thu tuc thanh lap cong ty
Thanks-a-mundo for the blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Keep writing.
Report
World class university
This text is worth everyone as attention. Where can I find out more?
Report
youtube downloader
You made some really good points there. I checked on the net for more information about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this site.
Report
video content analytics
Thank you ever so for you blog. Will read on
Report
sports cars
You might have a really great layout for your website. i want it to utilize on my site also ,
Report
Online Business
Say, you got a nice blog post. Much obliged.
Report
Hotels
What as up, I would like to say, I enjoyed this article. This was helpful. Keep going submitting!
Report
best tea reviews
Really appreciate you sharing this article.Really thank you! Cool.
Report
Make money online
A round of applause for your post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool.
Report
hibiscus tips
I will likely be coming back to your blog for even more soon.
Report
Hotel reservations
with hackers? My last blog (wordpress) was hacked and I ended up losing months of hard work due to no
Report
Paternity Test
Your style is unique in comparison to other folks I ave read stuff from. Thanks for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess I all just book mark this site.
Report
Yacht Charter Greece
such an ideal method of writing? I ave a presentation next
Report
twitter promotion
A round of applause for your blog article. Fantastic.
Report
sverige
Im thankful for the article post.Thanks Again. Will read on…
Report
Jerry
Very good info. Lucky me I came across your site by accident (stumbleupon). I ave saved it for later!
Report
Romero zombies
I really liked your article. Will read on…
Report
windshield rock chip repair
I appreciate you sharing this blog.Much thanks again. Will read on…
Report
Website
Awesome article.Really thank you! Keep writing.
Report
link
Im thankful for the article post.Thanks Again. Want more.
Report
Jamon.pk
Wow, great post. Want more.
Report
adult board games
Looking forward to reading more. Great article. Great.
Report
nelu ploiesteanu
Great, thanks for sharing this blog article. Much obliged.
Report
research paper topics
I appreciate you sharing this blog post.Thanks Again. Really Great.
Report
North Face Apex Bionic Womens
Very good blog post.Much thanks again. Want more.
Report
best trading services
Well I sincerely enjoyed studying it. This post offered by you is very helpful for correct planning.
Report
womens dansko shoes
Im obliged for the article.Really thank you! Cool.
Report
New Balance
I really enjoy the post. Fantastic.
Report
ugg classic short
Fantastic article post. Keep writing.
Report
mosguito spray
Major thanks for the article post.Really thank you! Great.
Report
bug spray
Thanks for the blog post.Thanks Again. Much obliged.
Report
suspend sc
I really like and appreciate your blog post.Thanks Again. Will read on…
Report
Womens Fashion
Thank you ever so for you blog post.Thanks Again. Want more.
Report
electrichainsaw.com
Thanks for the post.Much thanks again. Much obliged.
Report
USA angel investors
Wonderful blog! I found it while searching on Yahoo News. Do you have any tips on how to get listed in Yahoo News? I ave been trying for a while but I never seem to get there! Many thanks
Report